The centre of the city was also a cradle of discontent and revolution between 18, seven armed uprisings and revolts had broken out in the centre of Paris, particularly along the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, around the Hôtel de Ville, and around Montagne Sainte-Geneviève on the left bank. Wagons, carriages and carts could barely move through the streets. The widest streets in these two neighborhoods were only five metres (16 feet) wide the narrowest were one or two meters (3–7 feet) wide. Traffic circulation was another major problem. In the epidemic of 1848, five percent of the inhabitants of these two neighbourhoods died. Cholera epidemics ravaged the city in 18. In these conditions, disease spread very quickly. In 1840, a doctor described one building in the Île de la Cité where a single 5-square-metre room (54 sq ft) on the fourth floor was occupied by twenty-three people, both adults and children. The population density in these neighbourhoods was extremely high, compared with the rest of Paris in the neighbourhood of Champs-Élysées, population density was estimated at 5,380 per square kilometre (22 per acre) in the neighbourhoods of Arcis and Saint-Avoye, located in the present Third Arrondissement, there was one inhabitant for every three square metres (32 sq ft). ![]() Paris is a terrible place where plants shrivel and perish, and where, of seven small infants, four die during the course of the year." The street plan on the Île de la Cité and in the neighbourhood called the "quartier des Arcis", between the Louvre and the "Hôtel de Ville" (City Hall), had changed little since the Middle Ages. In 1845, the French social reformer Victor Considerant wrote: "Paris is an immense workshop of putrefaction, where misery, pestilence and sickness work in concert, where sunlight and air rarely penetrate. In the middle of the 19th century, the centre of Paris was viewed as overcrowded, dark, dangerous, and unhealthy. The street plan and distinctive appearance of the centre of Paris today are largely the result of Haussmann's renovation.īackground Overcrowding, disease, crime and unrest in the centre of the old Paris Haussmann's work was met with fierce opposition, and he was finally dismissed by Napoleon III in 1870 but work on his projects continued until 1927. ![]() It included the demolition of medieval neighbourhoods that were deemed overcrowded and unhealthy by officials at the time the building of wide avenues new parks and squares the annexation of the suburbs surrounding Paris and the construction of new sewers, fountains and aqueducts. Haussmann's renovation of Paris was a vast public works programme commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III and directed by his prefect of Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, between 18.
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